Precision medicine represents a transformative approach to healthcare that recognizes individual variability in genetics, environment, and lifestyle. By integrating advanced technologies such as genomics, data analytics, and personalized interventions, precision medicine aims to tailor medical treatment and prevention strategies to the unique characteristics of each patient. This approach moves beyond the traditional one-size-fits-all model, emphasizing customization and optimization of healthcare interventions.

Personalized healthcare integrates various data sources, including genomic information, biomarkers, and patient preferences, to deliver precise and effective therapies. By tailoring treatments to individual characteristics, personalized healthcare aims to improve treatment outcomes, reduce adverse effects, and enhance patient satisfaction. This patient-centric approach holds promise for revolutionizing healthcare delivery, empowering patients to actively participate in their care, and improving overall health outcomes.

To manage a health issue, personalised medicine involves the use of specific medicines or drugs based on a patient's molecular analysis. The molecular foundation of any disease in an individual is defined by genomics. Precision medicine is a branch of medicine that focuses on disease treatment and prevention depending on a person's lifestyle, genetic composition, and environment. This treatment is founded on the notion that "every patient is unique." Precision medicine adds specifics to each, such as targeted therapy in which pharmaceuticals will work best with other drugs, and so on. Drugs in the trial phase for precision medicine are still being studied. Patients having a genetic mutation can participate in these clinical studies, and a medication treatment can be tested on them.

v  Drug Intervention

v  Therapeutic Intervention

v  Biologic Intervention

v  Policies for Personalized Therapies

v  Rare Disease Treatment

v  Cancer Treatment

v  Digital Medicine

Public health is the science and art of avoiding disease, extending life, and promoting well-being via organized efforts and educated decisions made by society, associations, both public and private, groups, and individuals. Preventive medicine focuses on the strength of individuals, organizations, and defined populations. Public health is the study and practice of protecting and promoting a community's health, such as through preventive medicine, health education, communicable disease control, sanitary measures, and environmental hazard monitoring. The goal of public health and general preventive medicine is to improve the health of communities and defined populations by promoting health, preventing disease, and managing their health.

• Public Health and Role of Preventive Medicine
• Environmental Health and Medicine
• Ergonomics
• Occupational Health
• Pandemic and Infectious Diseases
• Vaccinations and Seasonal Shots

The merging of artificial intelligence (AI) with precision medicine has the potential to completely transform health care. AI has grown and been accepted in a variety of disciplines during the last ten years, particularly among healthcare experts. AI opens up a world of possibilities for producing intelligent products, creative services, and new business models. Precision medicine approaches uncover patient phenotypes with less common treatment responses or special healthcare demands. 

• Big Data Analytics
• Detection and Risk Prediction of Diseases
• Diagnostic Imaging
• High-Content Screening (HCS) in Drug Discovery
• Drug Development
• Issues and Challenges Faced

Immunology is a branch of biomedical sciences that studies the immune system in all multicellular organisms. It is concerned with the organism's defense mechanisms, which include all physical, chemical, and biological features that aid in the organism's resistance to invading organisms, materials, and other threats. Immunology is concerned with the immune system's physiological functioning in both health and sickness, as well as immune system abnormalities in immunological disorders.

• Immunology of Tolerance
• Infection Control and Monitoring
• AIDS
• HIV
• COVID-19
• Parasitic Infections
• Sexually Transmitted Infections
• Viral Infections

Precision medicine is a technique for doctors to deliver and plan personalised care for their patients based on their genetics (or the genes in their cancer cells). It's also known as personalized medicine or personalized care. Precision medicine examines how a specific gene change (gene mutation) may affect a person's likelihood of developing a specific cancer, or how their genes (or genes in their cancer cells) may affect treatment if they already have cancer. Precision medicine is being used to determine which tests and treatments are best for certain cancers. Of course, the goal is to develop more precise medicine that reduces side effects while increasing therapeutic impact. 

• Pathway of precision medicine treatment
• Clinical trials
• Targeted therapy for various cancers
• Gene Mutations and Cancers
• Precision Oncology

A case report is a complete account of a patient's symptoms, signs, diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up. Case reports typically describe a unique or unexpected occurrence, and as a result, they remain one of the bedrocks of medical advancement, generating a slew of new medical ideas. Some reports provide a comprehensive evaluation of the relevant literature. The case report is a quick way for busy practitioners to communicate when they don't have the time or resources to conduct large-scale research. Most human research requires informed permission as a condition of participation. Anonymity for patients is also a requirement. Adults who are unable to consent to an investigation or treatment must have the consent of their closest family members.

• Surgical Case Reports
• Adverse Drug Reaction Case Report
• Drug Development

Lifestyle medicine is a medical approach to chronic disease prevention, treatment, and management that employs evidence-based behavioral therapies. In a clinical and/or public health setting, lifestyle medicine is described as the application of environmental, behavioral, medicinal, and motivational principles to the management (including self-care and self-management) of lifestyle-related health conditions as a holistic, evidence-based approach to the difficulties facing our society and health system, Lifestyle Medicine is gaining acceptance around the world.

• Chronic disease
• Emotional well-being
• Humor and laughter
• Lifestyle medicine
• Mental health
• Preventive medicine
• Quality of life

Biomarkers are increasingly being used in clinical trials to enhance patient outcomes, and they are quickly becoming ubiquitous in clinical practice. A diagnostic biomarker is a biological parameter that can be used to help diagnose a disease and may also be used to predict disease progression and treatment success. A laboratory, radiological, genetic, anatomical, physiological, or other finding that aids in the differentiation of one disease from another. The pharmaceutical industry's high failure rate has pushed biomarkers and personalized medicine to the forefront as potential answers. Biomarkers and companion diagnostics (CDx) have the potential to help the pharmaceutical business increase the likelihood of success, shorten time to market, and, most significantly, improve patients by enabling accurate diagnosis and selection of the most effective and least toxic therapeutics.

• In-Vitro Diagnostics
• Qualitative Biomarkers
• Quantitative Biomarkers
• Rare Disease Biomarkers
• Clinical Validation of Biomarkers
• Biomarkers for Detection Of COVID-19
• Challenges and Solutions for Cancer Biomarkers
• Diagnostic Biomarkers
• Analytical Biomarkers
• Digital Biomarkers
• Prognostic Biomarker
• Predictive Biomarker

Nanotechnology and personalised medicine are two of the newest areas of biomedical research, as well as two of the most promising technologies for enhancing health care and outcomes. In addition, they are fast convergent in a variety of current and future therapeutic applications. Nanotechnology has a number of benefits for personalised medicine applications, including a size that matches the scale of personalised medicine's molecular substrates, increased sensitivity in detecting and binding with target molecules, and flexibility in the design and features of diagnostics and therapeutics at the nano scale.

• Translational Medicine
• Nanotechnological Tools
• Nanopores
• Nanotubes
• Nanomaterials
• Nano Based Research
• Circulating Biomarkers
• Biomaterials

Liquid biopsy is the molecular examination of nucleic acids, subcellular structures, particularly exosomes, and, in the case of cancer, circulating tumour cells in bodily fluids. Liquid biopsy has been the subject of intense research over the last ten years in order to develop a less intrusive and more precise individualised therapy. Tissue biopsy can be supplemented or even replaced by a molecular analysis of these circulating biomarkers. Liquid biopsy has been used in clinical practise as a result of this research, particularly in oncology, prenatal screening, and transplantation.

• Tumor Microenvironment
• Fluid Biopsy
• Fluid Phase Biopsy
• Cancer Biopsy
• Traditional Biopsy
• Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers
• Analytic Techniques Imaging and Liquid Biopsy

A pharmaceutical business's regulatory affairs (RA) department is in charge of getting clearance for new pharmaceutical goods and ensuring that approval is maintained for as long as the business wants the product to be on the market. It acts as a liaison between the regulatory authority and the project team, as well as a channel of communication with the regulatory authority as the project progresses, with the goal of ensuring that the project plan accurately anticipates the regulatory authority's requirements before the product is approved. RA is responsible for staying up to date on new legislation, rules, and other regulatory information. In the creation, inspection, quality assurance, and safety assessment of new and current consumable, medicinal, and diagnostic products, regulatory affairs is a mandatory and necessary effort (both ethically and regulatorily).

• FDA
• Clinical trials
• Food industry
• Pharmaceutical industry
• Medical devices
• v  In vitro diagnostics
• Biologics and biotechnology

Theragnostic encompasses a wide range of issues, including personalised medicine, pharmacogenomics, and molecular imaging, to produce efficient new targeted medicines with acceptable benefit/risk to patients and a deeper molecular understanding of how to optimise medication selection. For successful theragnosis applications, imaging agents and drugs must be given efficiently, resulting in suitable imaging signal or drug concentration in the specific disease area.

• Nanotheragnostic probes
• Theragnostic
• Theragnosis application
• Theragnosis and Cancer

The premise that an individual's metabolic profile is related to their health-to-disease status, referred to as their "metabotype," is at the centre of pharmacometabolomics. Pharmacometabolomics data can help understand different drug responses (i.e. responders vs non-responders), be used in precision medicine to determine drug dose levels or specific drugs to prescribe for an individual, provide biomarkers related to drug efficacy or toxicity effects, and, in many cases, provide pharmacokinetics information, making pharmacometabolomics useful for precision medicine. Pharmacometabolomics can be used to tailor treatment type, dose, and duration, as well as to track metabolite profiles during treatments. Existing '-omics' and health-record databases, as well as biobanks of human fluid samples and tissues, are valuable resources for pharmacometabolomics, which seeks to uncover biomarkers of therapeutic effects across the course of a disease.

• Dosage Calculation
• Population Response to Treatment
• Genetic and Biochemical Make-Up
• Response to Stimuli
• Biomarkers
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacodynamics
• Precision Medicine
• Metabolic Profile
• Metabolomics

The Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch works to develop and apply computationally intensive ways to evaluate large-scale genetic and genomic data, with a special focus on identifying genetic connections to human disease. Several approaches of increasing sophistication have been used to identify the etiology of genetic disorders. The development of new genetic approaches results in the generation of vast volumes of data that must be processed using statistical and computational methods.

• Sequencing Analysis
• Computational Methods
• Epidemiology
• Mathematics
• Molecular Genetics
• Computer Science

Precision medicine is a "developing approach to disease treatment and prevention that considers individual heterogeneity in genes, environment, and lifestyle." Precision medicine refers to the use of genetic and other technologies to define disease at a lower level, allowing for more specific targeting of disease subgroups with novel medicines. Genome sequencing has the potential to improve patient care by improving diagnostic sensitivity and allowing for more precise therapy targeting. To fully realise this promise, genomics tools designed for genetic discovery, such as DNA-sequencing technologies and analytic algorithms, must be tailored to meet clinical demands. Clinical genomics sits at the crossroads of population-based sequencing-led discovery genetics and traditional low-throughput techniques to genetic identification in patients.

• Cell Biology
• Microbial genetics
• Biological Molecules
• Molecular Immunology
• Genetics
• Genetic Disorders
• Cellular Biology
• Molecular Research
• Molecular Pathology
• Gene Therapy
• Molecular Epidemiology

Molecular diagnostics is the result of a beneficial collaboration between laboratory medicine, genomics knowledge, and technology in the field of molecular genetics, particularly with recent breakthroughs in molecular genomic technologies. Molecular diagnostics (MDx) has risen to prominence in the clinical diagnostic laboratory, where it has demonstrated benefits in routine detection, fingerprinting, and epidemiologic analysis of pathogenic microbes. The technologies that fuel molecular diagnostics are constantly advancing to help solve some of the obstacles that come with using them, such as increasing their clinical value. 

• Molecular diagnostics
• Next generation sequencing
• Microarray
• MALDI-TOF
• COVID-19 detection

Cardiology is the study and treatment of heart and blood vascular problems. Internal medicine has a branch called cardiology. Vascular medicine is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases including the arteries, veins, and lymphatic system. Vascular medicine has radically transformed over the last few decades. Our knowledge of vascular diseases is growing all the time, and new therapeutic techniques are being created all the time. Another field where imaging has become a standard aspect of medical practise is cardiovascular care.

• Angina
• Bradycardia
• Tachycardia
• Blood thinners
• Blood Clotting and Clotting Factors
• Blockages
• Cardiovascular Imaging and Medicine

Personalized medicine, often known as precision medicine, is intended to differentiate tailored treatment from trial and error. The modern notion has grown to particularly integrate a patient's "omic profile" in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Precision medicine has shifted from an academic exercise to a clinical reality for some conditions, with others not far behind. Rapid genomic discoveries made possible by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) combined with decreasing sequencing and genotyping costs have shifted precision medicine from an academic exercise to a clinical reality for some conditions, while others are not far behind. With the advent of electronic health records (EHRs), it is now possible to conduct population-scale research while also successfully delivering individualized medication to individual patients via clinical decision support. 

• Diversity in The Biomedical Workforce
• Genomic Discovery
• Genomic Diversity
• Ancestral Diversity
• Environmental Diversity
• Population Diversity
• Genetic and Environmental Interactions

Precision medicine is a method of improving patient outcomes by combining clinical and molecular patient data to better understand the disease's biological foundation. Precision medicine tailors treatment to a patient's unique traits, making it more exact in terms of how treatment affects specific individuals. Clinical trials are studies in which investigational drugs, technologies, or biologics, such as chemotherapy, blood products, or gene treatments, are tested for safety and efficacy in human volunteers. Building a therapy hypothesis, determining which patients react and why, and developing effective procedures for identifying those patients are all steps in precision medicine. 

• FDA approval
• Adaptive studies
• Umbrella protocols
• Basket trials

Drugs for diabetes are used to treat diabetes mellitus by lowering blood glucose levels. With the exception of insulin, most GLP receptor agonists (liraglutide, exenatide, and others), as well as pramlintide, are all taken orally and are hence referred to as oral hypoglycemic or antihyperglycemic medications. Anti-diabetic medications are divided into numerous classes, and their use is determined by the type of diabetes, the person's age and circumstances, and other considerations. Diabetes mellitus type 1 is an insulin-deficiency disorder.

• Patient Engagement
• Clinical Translation
• Clinical Trials
• Diabetes Management
• Pancreas and Insulin

Precision health is a type of medicine that takes into account a person's genetic, environmental, and societal elements in addition to their current health status. We anticipate a greater emphasis in the future on quantitative imaging technologies aimed at improving diagnosis and therapy choices, which we refer to as "Precision Imaging." Precision Imaging is not the same as "Precision Medicine," but it is supplementary to it. Precision medicine focuses on taking into consideration customised genetic, environmental, and lifestyle profiles (and their variability) in healthcare, whereas traditional diagnosis and categorization relied solely on individual phenotypes acquired from various medical examinations, including imaging.

• MRI Scans
• MRA
• Mammography
• CT Scan
• Arthrogram
• Scanning Techniques

Immunotherapy, which is currently one of the hottest fields of cancer research, is built on precision medicine. Immunotherapy is a novel technique of identifying and controlling diseases such as cancer by harnessing the potential of our immune systems. Immunotherapy is being researched in almost all types of cancer. Precision immunotherapy aims to address the essential issue of tumor-specific targeting, ensuring that the immune system's efficacy is aimed solely at cancer cells with little collateral damage to healthy cells. Precision immunotherapy's aspirational goal is to be able to properly forecast a patient's best response to highly tailored, personalized immunotherapies guided by biomarkers, such as phenotypic, genotypic, proteomic, cellular, or metabolic biomarkers.

• Models
• Obstacles and Challenges
• Immunological Aspect of Precision Medicine
• Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment

Precision medicine is a concept used to characterize the most recent efforts to enhance diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for individuals and subgroups by examining and analyzing genomic data. The risk of developing specific diseases or cancers, their potential severity, one's ability to fight them, and the likelihood of positive or negative reactions to medications, radiation, or other therapies are all determined by a person's genetic makeup. Major advancements in genetic and biomarker testing, as well as pharmacogenetics, will assist to avoid toxic, inefficient, and ineffective research, resulting in more precise and effective pharmaceuticals and therapies at all levels.

• Genomic Sequencing Technologies
• Tumour Sequencing
• Drugs for Inhibiting Driver Mutations
• Progression of Precision Medicine
• Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Techniques
• Cancer Vaccines

Comparative genomics is a rapidly growing field of biology in which scientists compare the genomes of various organisms. Despite the fact that early gene sequencing research was exceedingly expensive and time-consuming, genome sequencing technology has gotten less expensive, labour-intensive, and more powerful. Oncology and cancer research are among the disciplines where comparative genomics is now being used. The interdisciplinary collaboration of researchers in comparative genomics and oncology (also known as comparative cancer genomics or comparative oncology) allows for the examination of inherited cancer risk and tumour development across species, with the ultimate goal of improving cancer care for both human and animal patients.

• Basic and Translational Studies
• Genetics, Genomics and RNA-Based Biomarker Development
• Whole Genome Studies
• Novel Biological and Clinical Interpretation
• Tumorigenesis
• Somatic genomic alterations
• Sporadic tumors
• Hereditary Cancer Syndromes

 precision pharmacotherapy includes the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, evaluation of liver and renal function, genomics, environmental and lifestyle exposures, and study of other unique patient or disease features. Precision pharmacotherapy is quickly evolving, and clinical pharmacists currently play a critical role in pharmacogenomics clinical implementation, education, and research applications. Pharmacists have long known that using a patient's unique traits to drive pharmacological decision-making might increase medication responsiveness and reduce drug-related hazards. The first patient-specific parameters utilized to personalize medication were age, weight, and dietary habits.

• Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
• Pharmacokinetics
• Individualized Drug Therapy
• Precision Pharmacotherapy