Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials, spanning the physics and chemistry of matter, engineering applications and industrial manufacturing processes. Modern society is heavily dependent on advanced materials.

Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and engineering where phenomena take place at dimensions in the nanometer scale are utilized in the design, characterization, production and application of materials, structures, devices and systems. Nanomaterials can be defined as materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm.

The nanoscopic scale or nanoscale usually refers to structures with a length scale applicable to nanotechnology, usually cited as 1–100 nm. A nanometer is a billionth of a meter. The nanoscopic scale is (roughly speaking) a lower bound to the mesoscopic scale for most solids.

surface coating, any mixture of film-forming materials plus pigments, solvents and other additives, when applied to a surface and cured or dried yields a thin film that is functional and often decorative.

Functional materials are a group of engineered and advanced materials designed and synthesized for some specific function with proper surface morphology and tailored properties.

Structural materials encompass materials whose primary purpose is to transmit or support a force. Intuitively a structural property is a mathematical object has in virtue because of its structure.

These are used in structural materials are

Iron

Concrete

Aluminum

Composites

Masonry

Timber

Other structural materials

Transport of thermal energy moves heat from the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) away from the cooled space inside a refrigerator. This design involves pairing the TEC with a heat sink, which dissipates the heat.

Sustainable energy materials include solar cells, fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, nanocomposites, etc. which help in the reduction of carbon (Decarbonization) and improve sustainability.

Nanofilms are thin layers of material spanning from a fraction of a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness. They represent an atomic-thick frontier with the surrounding environment, where the vast majority of physicochemical processes occur.

Computational modeling supports materials discovery, development, and manufacturing over the range of materials systems. Physical simulations reveal materials’ behavior at every length scale, from electrons to microstructure to engineered systems.

Biomedical engineering (BME) is the application of engineering principles to solve biological and medical problems for the purpose of improving health care.

Energy material is used to define any material which can react to release energy. Energy materials are a class of materials with a high amount of stored chemical energy that can be released. Energy materials encompass a broad class of materials that may have applications in energy conversion or transmission.

Emerging Materials is a materials and interface discovery program, emphasizing design, synthesis, and understanding of new functional materials and interfaces for both fundamental science and early-stage technology.

Semiconductors are materials which have a conductivity between conductors (generally metals) and nonconductors or insulators (such as most ceramics). Semiconductors can be pure elements, such as silicon or germanium, or compounds such as gallium arsenide or cadmium selenide.

Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production

Material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living, or non-living matter. Materials can be classified based on their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or biological function.

A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, etc. and attracts or repels other magnets.

Plastics are a group of materials, either synthetic or naturally occurring, that may be shaped when soft and then hardened to retain the given shape. Plastics are polymers. A polymer is a substance made of many repeating units.

A carbon nanotube is a carbon allotrope that resembles a tube of carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes are extremely robust and difficult to break, but they are still light. Because of their exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes are one of the most investigated nanomaterials.

Nanoengineering is the engineering field focused on the study, development, and refinement of materials at a very small scale. It can be thought of as the practical application of nanoscience, similar to  mechanical engineering applies the principles of physics.

Civil engineers focus on buildings and infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, roads, rivers, dams, and harbors; mechanical engineers design and improve virtually any physical component, structure, or assembly as well as manufacturing processes and associated equipment

Green materials today are defined as materials that are non-toxic, improve occupancy health, lower cost, and conserve energy and water use and waste products. Non-toxic materials are materials that do not cause harm to the environment, to the users of the material or to the producers of the material.

Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology. Nanomedicine ranges from the medical applications of nanomaterials and biological devices, to nanoelectronic biosensors, and even possible future applications of molecular nanotechnology such as biological machines.

Biopolymers are natural polymers produced by the cells of living organisms. Like other polymers, biopolymers consist of monomeric units that are covalently bonded in chains to form larger molecules.

Biomechanics and Biomaterials involves the kinematics and kinetics relevant to human anatomy, such as human motion, including linear, angular, and nonlinear analyses, and fluid mechanics relating to human physiology.

Functional materials are generally characterized as those materials which possess native properties and functions of their own. 

Metamaterials are composite media that can be engineered to exhibit unique electromagnetic properties. Made up from subwavelength building blocks (most often based on metals), these metamaterials allow for extreme control over optical fields, enabling effects such as negative refraction to be realized.

Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems.

Materials physics is the use of physics to describe the physical properties of materials. It is a synthesis of physical sciences such as chemistry, solid mechanics, solid state physics, and materials science.

Rheology laboratory testing of polymers to determine the rheological (flow) properties of materials, gels and pastes, to optimize processing and properties.